Pengertian dan Contoh Spoof Text

Kali ini kita membahas tentang pengertian spoof text, general structure of spoof text, features (kebahasaan) of spoof text, dan contoh spoof text.

Spoof Text adalah sebuah teks yang menceritakan kisah yang benar-benar terjadi, namun pada akhir ceritanya “dibelokkan” sehingga menjadi cerita yang lucu. Tujuannya yaitu untuk menghibur dan menceritakan kisah yang sebenarnya namun lucu untuk membuat pembacanya tertawa.

General structure:

• Orientation, awal yang memperkenalkan cerita.
• Events, detil dari cerita tersebut.
• Twist, bagian lucu atau bagian yang tidak sesuai diprediksi dari cerita tersebut.

Features (Kebahasaan):

• Focus pada manusia, binatang, ataupun benda tertentu.
• Menggunakan action verb (material processes).
• Menggunakan saying verb.
• Menggunakan adverb of time and place.
• Menggunakan simple past tense.

Contoh Spoof Text :

A Bumpy Flight

“This is your captain speaking. We have had a failure in one of our engines. There is no cause for alarm as we still have three engines left. Unfortunately this means that we will be one hour late.”

A short time later captain again spoke to the passengers. “There is no cause alarm, but we have just lost another engine. We will now be two hours late.”

When the captain spoke to the passengers for the third time, he again had bad news. “Ladies and gentlemen, I assure you that we are in no danger, but I must inform you that we have had another engine failure. This means that we will now be three hours late.”

Finally, the captain announced that the fourth engine had failed. One of the passengers turned to another passenger and said, “Oh no, that means we’ll be four hours late!”

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Pengertian dan Contoh Hortatory Exposition Text

Kali ini kita membahas tentang pengertian Hortatory Exposition Text, general structure of Hortatory Exposition Text, features (kebahasaan) of Hortatory Exposition Text, dan contoh Hortatory Exposition Text.

Hortatory exposition adalah sebuah teks yang berupa upaya penulis untuk membuat pembaca melakukan sesuatu atau bertindak dengan cara tertentu. Tujuannya adalah untuk meyakinkan pembaca bahwa suatu peristiwa seharusnya atau tidak seharusnya terjadi.

General structure:

• Thesis, memperkenalkan persoalan yang dibahas.
• Arguments, alasan untuk pembahasan, yang mengarahkan ke recommendation
• Recommendation, pernyataan apakah suatu hal seharusnya atau tidak seharusnya terjadi.

Features (kebahasaan):

• Fokus pada umumnya manusia dan pelaku non-manusia
• Menggunakan abstract noun, seperti policy, advantage, dsb.
• Menggunakan action verb dan technical verb.
• Menggunakan mental processes, seperti I feel, I realize, dsb.
• Menggunaan material processes, seperti should be treated, dsb.
• Menggunakan modal verb, seperti we must preserve, dsb.
• Menggunakan evaluative words, seperti valuable, dsb.
• Menggunakan relational processes, seperti doesn’t seem to have been, dsb.
• Menggunakan passive voice dan simple present tense.

Contoh hortatory exposition:

Damaged Roads

The number of damaged roads linking Jakarta with West Java has certainly provoked complaints from locals and roads users. Take for an example, the roads in Bekasi and Tangerang, which have been the focus of the media.

The poor condition of these roads not only jeopardizes road safety, but also gives a squalid impression. Moreover, the condition will get worse when it rains. The roads are transformed into water pools or puddles, which can easily cause accidents if motorist are not careful.

No wonder if some people question why there are so many damaged roads and why repairs do not seem to last long. The government should pay special attention to these problems.

In my opinion, the roads should be repaired using the right sort of asphalt, stones, and sand. Repairs should be done carefully so that the roads can be prevented from constant damage. Otherwise, the repairs would be useless.

Contoh lainnya:

The Importance of Reading

I personally think that reading is a very important activity in our life. Why do I say so?

Firstly, by reading we can get a lot of knowledge about many things in the world such as Science, technology, sports, arts, culture, etc written in either books, magazine, newspaper, etc.

Secondly, by reading we can get a lot of news and information about something happening in any parts of the world which can we see directly.

Another reason, reading can give us pleasure too. When we are tired, we read books, novel, comic, newspaper or magazine on the entertainment column such as comedy, short story, quiz, etc. To make us relaxed.

The last, reading can also take us to other parts of the world. By reading a book about Irian Jaya we may feel we’re really sitting in the jungles not at home in our rooms.

From the facts above, it’s obvious that everyone needs to read to get knowledge, information and also entertainment. Or in summary we can say reading is truly important in our life.

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Hal-Hal Penting dalam Speaking Bahasa Inggris

 Salah satu pembelajaran bahasa Inggris adalah speaking atau berbicara dalam bahasa Inggris. Speaking bisa diajarkan atau dipandu melalui guided conversation. Guided conversation merupakan salah satu bentuk strategi guru bahasa Inggris yang ada di sekolah, universitas, ataupun tempat kursus dalam menuntun siswa untuk memperlancar keterampilan berbicara bahasa Inggris. Keterampilan berbicara bahasa Inggris melaui guided conversation yang perlu diperhatikan adalah sebagai berikut:
a. Individual responsibility.
Untuk memastikan bahwa masing-masing siswa lebih kuat, siswa harus membuat pertanggungjawaban secara individu terhadap tugas yang menjadi bagiannya dalam bekerja. Pertanggungjawaban individu akan terlaksana jika perbuatan masing-masing individu dinilai dan hasilnya diberitahukan pada individu dan kelompok.
b. Interpersonal and small group ability.
Siswa belajar tentang keterampilan bekerjasama untuk mempraktekan keterampilan berbicara bahasa Inggris, secara bersama-sama mendengarkan dari masing-masing individu tentang pronunciation, structure, listening comprehension, vocabulary, dan fluency yang telah dikuasainya.
c. Group management.
Dalam praktik keterampilan berbicara bahasa Inggris, seorang siswa harus banyak belajar dari orang lain. Tujuannya adalah saling mengoreksi kesalahan yang dibuat, saling memberi pengetahuan baru, mempertajam pengetahauan yang sudah ada, berfikir ke depan bagaimana memberdayakan kemampuan yang telah dimiliki dan memperbaiki keterampilan berbicara bahasa Inggris dengan sebaik mungkin.
d. Positive autonomous.
Kemandirian yang positif akan berhasil dengan baik apabila setiap anggota kelompok merasa sejajar dengan anggota yang lain. Artinya satu orang tidak akan berhasil kecuali anggota yang lain merasakan juga keberhasilannya. Apapun usaha yang dilakukan oleh masing-masing anggota tidak hanya untuk kepentingan diri sendiri melainkan untuk semua anggota kelompok.
e. To increase interaction.
Pada saat guru menekankan kemandirian yang positif, selayaknya guru memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk saling mengenal, tolong menolong, saling bantu, saling mendukung, memberi semangat dan saling memberi pujian atas usahanya dalam belajar. Aktivitas kognitif dan dinamika kelompok terjadi pada saat siswa diikutsertakan untuk belajar mengenal satu sama lain. Termasuk dalam hal ini menjelaskan bagaimana memecahkan masalah yang dihadapi terutama dalam pelaksanaan berbicara bahasa Inggris, mendiskusikan konsep yang akan dikerjakan, menjelaskan pada teman sekelas dan menghubungkan dengan pelajaran yang terakhir dipelajari.

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Spoofs

Spoof adalah teks yang menceritakan kisah faktual, terjadi di masa lalu dengan tak terduga dan lucu akhir. Fungsi sosial adalah untuk menghibur dan berbagi dengan orang lain kisah nyata yang ending yang lucu untuk menghibur penonton atau pembaca. 

Struktur umum dari spoof:

     Orientasi, pembukaan cerita yang menetapkan TKP.
     Acara, rincian peristiwa dalam cerita.
     Putar, akhir lucu atau tak terduga dari cerita.

 Fitur spoof:

     Fokus pada orang, binatang atau hal-hal tertentu.
     Menggunakan kata kerja tindakan (proses materi).
     Menggunakan mengatakan kata kerja.
     Menggunakan kata keterangan waktu dan tempat.
     Fokus pada urutan temporal.
     Menggunakan masa lalu yang sederhana tegang.

Example of spoof:

A Bumpy Flight

“This is your captain speaking. We have had a failure in one of our engines. There is no cause for alarm as we still have three engines left. Unfortunately this means that we will be one hour late.”

A short time later captain again spoke to the passengers. “There is no cause alarm, but we have just lost another engine. We will now be two hours late.”

When the captain spoke to the passengers for the third time, he again had bad news. “Ladies and gentlemen, I assure you that we are in no danger, but I must inform you that we have had another engine failure. This means that we will now be three hours late.”

Finally, the captain announced that the fourth engine had failed. One of the passengers turned to another passenger and said, “Oh no, that means we’ll be four hours late!”

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Narratives

Narrative is a text focusing specific participants. Its social function is to amuse,  entertain and to deals with problematic events which lead to a crisis or turning point

of some kind, which in turn finds a resolution.

The basic purpose of narrative is to entertain, to gain and hold a readers’ interest. However narratives can also be written to teach or inform, to change attitudes/social opinions. Narratives sequence people/characters in time and place but differ from recounts in that through the sequencing, the stories set up one or more problems, which must eventually find a way to be resolved.

General structure of narrative:

• Orientation, introducing the participants and informing the time and the place.
• Evaluation, a stepping back to evaluate the plight (it is optional).
• Complication (problem), describing the rising crises which the participants have to do with.
• Resolution, showing the way of participant to solve the crises, for better or for worse.
• Re-orientation, it is optional.
• Coda, it is optional.

Features of narrative:

• Using processes verbs and adjectives.
• Using linking verbs and linking words of time.
• Using temporal conjunction and temporal circumstances.
• Using material processes, behavioural and verbal processes.
• Using relational processes and mental processes.
• Using mental verbs and action verbs.
• Focus on specific and usually individualized participants.
• Some dialogue may include, using present or future.
• Connectives, linking words to do with time.
• Specific nouns, strong nouns have more specific meanings, e.g. ‘oak’ as opposed to Direct speeches may be used.
• Use of the senses, where appropriate, the senses can be used to describe and develop the experiences, setting and character.
• Using simple past tense.

Imagery of narrative:

• Simile, a direct comparison, using likes or as or as though, e.g. the sea looked as rumpled as a blue quilted dressing gown.
• Metaphor, an indirect or hidden comparison, e.g. she has a heart of stone. Onomatopoeia, a suggestion of sound through words, e.g. crackle, splat, ooze, squish, boom, e.g. the tires whir on the road.
• Personification, giving non-living things (inanimate) living characteristics, e.g. the steel beam clenched its muscles.
• Rhetorical questions, often the author asks the audience questions, knowing of course there will be no direct answer. This is a way of involving the reader in the story at the outset, e.g. have you ever built a tree hut?
• There are many types of narrative. They can be imaginary, factual or a combination of both.
• They may include fairy stories, mysteries, science fiction, romances, horror stories, adventure stories, fables, myths and legends, historical narratives, ballads, slice of life, and personal experience.

To help students plan for writing of narratives model, focusing on:

• Plot, e.g. what is going to happen.
• Setting, e.g. where and when will the story take place.
• Characterization, e.g. who are the main characters and what do they look like.
• Structure, e.g. how will the story begin, what will be the problem, how is the problem going to be resolved. Theme, e.g. what is the theme/message the writer is attempting to communicate.

Example of narrative:

Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves

Ali Baba was such a poor man that he had only one shoe for his two feet. Even the mice in his house were hungry. One day, his wife said, “We have no food in the house. No rice. No potatoes. Go and collect leaves in the forest so that I can make a soup.”

Ali was a lazy man. He looked for leaves for about ten minutes and then he climbed a tree to sleep. He was afraid of wolves. When he woke up, he was surprised to see forty thieves on forty horses. They stopped in front of a big rock.

“Open Sesame!” shouted the leader. A door on the rock opened. The thieves carried sacks full of gold into the cave. When they had finished, the leader shouted. “Close Sesame!” and the door closed. As soon as the thieves had disappeared Ali Baba jumped down from the tree, said, “Open Sesame” and went into the cave.

There were shelves all around the walls. The shelves were full of sacks. And the sacks were full of gold. Ali took a sack home with him. Unfortunately, one of the thieves saw Ali’s footprints on the sand. He followed them to Ali’s home. He took out his knife and made a cross on the door.

“Now I shall know which house it is,” he said. He rode off to get the other thieves. But Ali had seen the thief. He and his wife took brooms and swept away the footprints. Then he made crosses on every door at the street. When the forty thieves arrived they had their knives between their teeth. But they couldn’t find either Ali or the gold. And Ali and his wife lived happily ever after.

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